Pesticides in the National Policy for Agroecology and Organic Production (Pnapo): interfaces with indigenous territories and pollinators

Abstract

The objective is to reflect on the contemporary challenges in the construction of the National Policy of Agroecology and Organic Production (Pnapo) and its plans, as well as its interface with the use of pesticides in indigenous territorial contexts and food security, associated with the conservation of biodiversity, with emphasis on pollinators. This is documentary research, carried out from May to October 2022 in the SciELO and Google Scholar databases. This study is structured in four phases: the first highlights the construction of Pnapo and its Planapos I and II; the second brings a reflection on Pnapo and the case of pesticides; the third discusses Pnapo's relationship with indigenous territories, the case of pesticide-free zones and, finally, the fourth makes considerations about Pnapo and its insertion in food security with emphasis on the ecosystem service of pollinators, in which it is questioned the role of pesticides in this relationship. The study pointed out the importance of social movements in the construction of Pnapo which, under the framework of agroecology (in the revaluation of traditional or indigenous popular knowledge), re-signified the discussion of relevant themes such as the problem of pesticides in the expansion of export monocultures and the interference of pesticide-free zones in indigenous territories, in addition to the commitment of these agrochemicals to the protection of biodiversity and ecological (re)balance. However, uncertainties in the socio-political and economic field of the country caused by ministerial, legal and health reforms (Covid-19 Pandemic) were the contemporary challenges that most compromised Pnapo's action.